미국 의회는 이집트의 콥트파 기독교도 여자들의 납치, 강제 개종, 강제 결혼이 증가하고 있다는 걱정되는 설명을 얼마 전에 들었다. 폭력과 공포에 희생당하는 그런 여자들은 새로 탄생하는 이집트를 건설하는 과정에서 결국 소외당하게 된다.
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| 크리스토퍼 H 스미스 美 하원의원 |
물론 일부 경우에는 여자들이 반한 남자들을 따라 가출하여 다른 종교 사람과 결혼하여 친정집과의 인연을 끊는 경우도 있다. 그러나 현재 실종된 수천 명의 여자들이 모두 이런 경우에 해당된다는 이집트 정부의 주장은 사리에 맞지 않는다.
조지 워싱턴대 조교수 미셀 클라크와 콥트인권운동가 나디아 갈리는 콥트파 여성 납치에 관한 보고서를 새로 발표했다. 이 보고서는 납치된 콥트파 여자들이 납치자들의 친척 혹은 친구들이나 납치자 자신과 함께 살면서 마약 투여가 포함된 조직적인 세뇌계획을 거친다고 피해 여성들이 설명했다.
얼마 전 헬싱키위원회에서 증언한 젊은 여성 등 다른 피해자들은 대낮에 낯선 남자들에게 강제로 끌려갔다.
클라크의 보고서에 따르면, 많은 여자들이 납치된 다음 강간을 당하여 집으로 돌아갈 수 없었다. 여자들의 집에서 받아들이려 하지 않았기 때문이다.
납치된 여자들은 결국 세뇌를 당해 유일하게 안전한 길은 개종하는 것이라고 생각한다. 피랍 여성들을 찾는 가족들은 경찰의 지원을 받지 못한 채 실종된 여성들을 찾아내지 못하는 경우가 흔하다.
운이 좋은 가족들은 유튜브나 다른 인터넷 웹사이트를 통해서 자기네 딸들이 살아 있고 개종했다는 사실을 알게 되는 경우도 있다. 일부 개종은 정당화될 수 있으나 납치, 강제 결혼, 협박에 의한 개종 등 콥트파에 대한 박해를 입증하는 증거가 압도적으로 많다.
이집트의 변호사 4명이 지난 5년 동안 조사한 사실을 바탕으로 실시한 클라크의 최신 연구에 따르면, 납치와 강제 결혼 및 강제 개종을 당한 여자들이 기독교 신분의 회복을 청원한 사건이 550건을 넘는 것으로 확인되었다.
놀랍게도 이집트혁명 이후 실종자 신고는 늘어난 반면에 다시 찾은 실종자의 수는 줄어들었다. 탈출했거나 가족이 찾아낸 여자들은 법적인 장애에 직면한다. 이집트 정부는 신분증 상으로 기독교 신분을 부활시키는 것을 거부한다. 정부 조치는 강제 개종을 허용하는 것으로 비쳐진다. 혁명 전이나 후에 납치범이 기소를 당한 경우를 필자는 한 건도 듣지 못했다.
만약 무함마드 무르시 대통령이 이집트를 포용적인 사회로 만들기를 원한다면 콥트파 여성 신자를 부통령에 임명하는 것만으로는 불충분하다. 그는 콥트파를 법적으로 동등하게 보호할 필요가 있다. 이집트 정부는 자국의 모든 시민을 보호하는 기본 책임을 다해야 한다.
힐러리 클린턴 국무장관의 최근 이집트 방문에 반대한 어느 시위자의 피켓에는 “오바마는 이슬람성전 운동가들에게 미국의 돈을 보내지 말라”고 적혀 있었다. 미 의회도 법안을 통해 비슷한 의사를 전달했다. 이 법안은 국무장관이 13억달러의 원조를 이집트에 제공하기에 앞서 이집트가 종교의 자유를 보호하는 정책을 시행하고 있다는 것을 확인하도록 의무화했다. 클린턴은 이집트의 국내 사정을 감안하여 의회의 이 의무조항 이행을 기피할 것이다.
이런 기피행위는 심각한 실책이다. 미국은 원조 계획을 포함한 모든 정책수단을 동원하여 이집트 정부가 콥트파의 인권을 보호하도록 만들어야 한다. 새 이집트 건설에 자유롭게 참여해야 할 콥트파 신도들이 테러에 의해 소외당해서는 안 된다.
크리스토퍼 H 스미스 美 하원의원
워싱턴타임스·정리=오성환 외신전문위원
Escalating violence against Coptic women and girls
By Rep. Christopher H. Smith
Congress heard disturbing accounts last week of escalating abduction, coerced conversion and forced marriage of Coptic Christian women and girls. Those women are being terrorized and, consequently, marginalized, in the formation of the new Egypt.
Sadly, the vulnerability and abduction of Coptic Christians is not a new problem. Going back to the 1970s, when Anwar Sadat used Islamism to solidify his leadership of Egypt, Coptic women and girls have been abducted, forced to marry their captors, and coercively converted to Islam. No doubt, in some cases, women chose to elope, marry across religious lines and cut off relations with their families. Yet the Egyptian government’s claim that this is what has happened to every one of thousands of disappeared women and girls defies reason.
According to a new report, the second of two on this subject by George Washington University adjunct professor Michele Clark and Coptic human rights activist Nadia Ghaly, women and girls who are found indicate they were befriended by friends or relatives of their kidnappers, or the kidnappers themselves, drugged and then taken in a well-organized plan. Others, like a young mother who testified before the Helsinki Commission last week, were snatched by violent strangers in broad daylight. Her would-be abductor shouted to bystanders while dragging her to a waiting taxi, “No one interfere! She is an enemy of Islam.”
Ms. Clark’s report also indicates that after abduction, many who return home indicate that they were raped and told they could not go home because their families would never accept them back. Many are beaten; others are forced into domestic servitude. They are not allowed to leave where they are held without a member of their captor’s family keeping watch. They eventually are brainwashed into thinking the only way to be safe is to convert. Their families, who have been searching frantically for their daughters, sisters and wives ? without any help from the police ? often never discover their fate. The lucky ones find out via YouTube and other websites that their daughters are alive and have converted. While some conversions could be legitimate, overwhelming evidence points to abduction, forced marriage and coerced conversion persecuting the Coptic population.
According to Ms. Clark’s latest research, based on a survey of four lawyers in Egypt over a five-year period, they saw at least 550 cases of disappearances and petitions to restore Christian identity following abductions, forced marriages and forced conversions. Alarmingly, since the revolution, cases of reported disappearance have increased, while recovery of women and girls has decreased. Those women who escape or are found by their families face obstacles to justice and closure. In many cases, the government refuses to reinstate their Christian identity on national identity cards, which seems to sanction coerced conversions. I am not aware of any case, either before or after the revolution, in which an abductor has been prosecuted.
If President Mohammed Morsi wants Egypt to be inclusive, he must do more than appoint a Copt and a woman as his vice presidents, as he claims he will do. He must ensure true justice for Copts ? full and equal protection under the law. The Egyptian government must perform its basic responsibility to protect all its citizens.
One protestor of Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton’s recent visit to Egypt carried a sign that said, “Obama, don’t send your dollars to jihadists.” Congress sent a similar message with the 2012 Consolidated Appropriations Act, which required the secretary to certify that Egypt was implementing policies to protect freedom of religion before we released $1.3 billion in aid. Yet an unnamed senior State Department official reported to Reuters, “On the basis of America’s national security interests, [Mrs. Clinton] will waive legislative conditions related to Egypt’s democratic transition, allowing for the continued flow of ‘Foreign Military Financing’ to Egypt.”
This is a terrible mistake. Until the Egyptian government protects Coptic women and girls from abduction, coerced conversion, forced marriage and other abuses, we should use every tool in our policy kit, including our massive aid program, to encourage it to do so. The Copts must be free to participate in the formation of the new Egypt and not marginalized through terror.
elope:눈이 맞아 함께 달아나다 waive:포기하다
By Rep. Christopher H. Smith
Congress heard disturbing accounts last week of escalating abduction, coerced conversion and forced marriage of Coptic Christian women and girls. Those women are being terrorized and, consequently, marginalized, in the formation of the new Egypt.
Sadly, the vulnerability and abduction of Coptic Christians is not a new problem. Going back to the 1970s, when Anwar Sadat used Islamism to solidify his leadership of Egypt, Coptic women and girls have been abducted, forced to marry their captors, and coercively converted to Islam. No doubt, in some cases, women chose to elope, marry across religious lines and cut off relations with their families. Yet the Egyptian government’s claim that this is what has happened to every one of thousands of disappeared women and girls defies reason.
According to a new report, the second of two on this subject by George Washington University adjunct professor Michele Clark and Coptic human rights activist Nadia Ghaly, women and girls who are found indicate they were befriended by friends or relatives of their kidnappers, or the kidnappers themselves, drugged and then taken in a well-organized plan. Others, like a young mother who testified before the Helsinki Commission last week, were snatched by violent strangers in broad daylight. Her would-be abductor shouted to bystanders while dragging her to a waiting taxi, “No one interfere! She is an enemy of Islam.”
Ms. Clark’s report also indicates that after abduction, many who return home indicate that they were raped and told they could not go home because their families would never accept them back. Many are beaten; others are forced into domestic servitude. They are not allowed to leave where they are held without a member of their captor’s family keeping watch. They eventually are brainwashed into thinking the only way to be safe is to convert. Their families, who have been searching frantically for their daughters, sisters and wives ? without any help from the police ? often never discover their fate. The lucky ones find out via YouTube and other websites that their daughters are alive and have converted. While some conversions could be legitimate, overwhelming evidence points to abduction, forced marriage and coerced conversion persecuting the Coptic population.
According to Ms. Clark’s latest research, based on a survey of four lawyers in Egypt over a five-year period, they saw at least 550 cases of disappearances and petitions to restore Christian identity following abductions, forced marriages and forced conversions. Alarmingly, since the revolution, cases of reported disappearance have increased, while recovery of women and girls has decreased. Those women who escape or are found by their families face obstacles to justice and closure. In many cases, the government refuses to reinstate their Christian identity on national identity cards, which seems to sanction coerced conversions. I am not aware of any case, either before or after the revolution, in which an abductor has been prosecuted.
If President Mohammed Morsi wants Egypt to be inclusive, he must do more than appoint a Copt and a woman as his vice presidents, as he claims he will do. He must ensure true justice for Copts ? full and equal protection under the law. The Egyptian government must perform its basic responsibility to protect all its citizens.
One protestor of Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton’s recent visit to Egypt carried a sign that said, “Obama, don’t send your dollars to jihadists.” Congress sent a similar message with the 2012 Consolidated Appropriations Act, which required the secretary to certify that Egypt was implementing policies to protect freedom of religion before we released $1.3 billion in aid. Yet an unnamed senior State Department official reported to Reuters, “On the basis of America’s national security interests, [Mrs. Clinton] will waive legislative conditions related to Egypt’s democratic transition, allowing for the continued flow of ‘Foreign Military Financing’ to Egypt.”
This is a terrible mistake. Until the Egyptian government protects Coptic women and girls from abduction, coerced conversion, forced marriage and other abuses, we should use every tool in our policy kit, including our massive aid program, to encourage it to do so. The Copts must be free to participate in the formation of the new Egypt and not marginalized through terror.
elope:눈이 맞아 함께 달아나다 waive:포기하다
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